The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, has issued a historic advisory opinion stating that countries are legally obligated under international law to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The ruling affirms that failing to act on climate change could be considered an 'internationally wrongful act,' opening the door for countries—especially those most affected by climate impacts—to seek reparations from major polluters. The court also recognized a healthy environment as a human right and emphasized that wealthy nations must comply with their climate commitments. While the opinion is non-binding, it is expected to influence future climate litigation and international negotiations, increasing pressure on governments and fossil fuel industries worldwide. The decision is seen as a major victory for climate justice advocates, particularly those from vulnerable island nations who initiated the case.
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